Couvaris M, Galanopoulou P, Karageorgiou C, Theodosopoulos S & Varonos D
Comparative study of the effects of some inducers with or without protein binding properties on bioavailability of isoxazolylpenicillins in rats.

Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet, 11(3): 187-194, 1986
ISSN: 0378-7966 European Journal of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (PubMed)

Abstract
The effect of various inducers with or without protein binding properties on serum levels and half life of Oxacillin, Cloxacillin and Dicloxacillin was studied. A total of 102 male rats classified in 3 "categories" according to the administered penicillin with 6 groups of rats in each of them were used. Each group was pretreated for 15 days with the following inducers: phenobarbital, diphenylhydantoin, diazepam, chlorpromazine and phenylbutazone. The control groups received saline. The d-glucaric acid concentration in the urine prior to and after the administration of inducers and the liver weight were taken as enzyme induction indices. The results showed a decrease of serum levels and half life of three penicillins with a negative correlation between urine d-glucaric acid and serum penicillin levels. Phenobarbital, diphenylhydantoin and chlorpromazine affected the 3 penicillins in the following statistically significant order: oxacillin, dicloxacillin, cloxacillin. Diazepam affected: cloxacillin, dicloxacillin, oxacillin, and phenylbutazone: dicloxacillin, cloxacillin and oxacillin. However all drugs finally produced a uniform effect on all 3 penicillins in the following decreasing order: phenobarbital (r = -0.910), diphenylhydantoin (r = -0.864), phenylbutazone (r = -0.851), chlorpromazine (r = -0.842) and diazepam (r = -0.821). For all inducers, the effect was most significant for oxacillin (r = -0.869), second most significant for dicloxacillin (r = -0.811) and finally for cloxacillin (r = -0.778). The results suggested an interaction of isoxazolylpenicillins and the above drugs.